Entering the second week of October, global political and security dynamics continue to experience turbulence, domestic political crises are occurring with increasing frequency across various parts of the world, and humanitarian as well as environmental challenges demand the collective attention of the international community.
In the Pacific region, Papua New Guinea and Australia signed the Pukpuk Agreement—a defense pact that marks a new chapter in their strategic relations. The agreement allows Australia to access military facilities in Papua New Guinea while providing opportunities for 10,000 Papua New Guineans to join the Australian military and obtain citizenship. This move is viewed as an effort to strengthen Australia’s geopolitical position amid China’s growing influence in the Pacific.
In South America, the Peruvian Congress has officially impeached President Dina Boluarte on grounds of “permanent moral incapacity” due to her failure to address the rise in national crime. The presidency is now held by Congress Leader Jose Jeri, who was sworn in less than an hour after the impeachment. This impeachment deepens Peru’s political instability, which was triggered by a mass shooting incident in the capital, adding to the country’s long list of leadership crises.
From Europe, French President Emmanuel Macron has reappointed Sebastian Lecornu as Prime Minister only a few days after his resignation. The reinstatement was carried out amid political gridlock and the French government’s difficulties in passing the budget in a fragmented parliament. The decision has drawn criticism from various political spectrums and reflects the significant pressure facing Macron’s administration toward the end of the year.
After China, North Korea held a large-scale military parade on Saturday (11/10) to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the Workers’ Party, showcasing the Hwasong-11Ma hypersonic missile and the Hwasong-2 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). The parade was attended by several foreign officials, including Chinese Premier Li Qiang, former Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Vietnamese Communist Party Chairman To Lam, and Indonesian Foreign Minister Sugiono, who was also invited to witness the event. Sugiono’s visit—his first in the past 12 years—also resulted in an updated Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the establishment of bilateral consultations between Indonesia and North Korea.
From the Middle East, Israel and Hamas signed the first phase of a ceasefire framework in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, on Wednesday (8/10). This initial phase includes the release of all hostages and the withdrawal of Israeli forces to an agreed line. Nevertheless, public concern remains high over the potential continuation of attacks in Gaza and Israel.
Tensions have also escalated in Sudan, where the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) again attacked a displacement shelter in El Fasher, killing at least 60 people. These drone and artillery strikes have added to the suffering of civilians amid a civil war that has lasted for more than 500 days. According to The Guardian, the fighting is being driven by international powers without any collective and effective global effort to halt the conflict.
On the other hand, natural disasters have once again underscored the urgency of global cooperation. The Philippines was struck by a series of major earthquakes measuring up to 7.4 on the Richter scale, triggering tsunami warnings across Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. At least eight people were killed, while more than 800 aftershocks were recorded in the Mindanao region. This seismic activity prompted tsunami alerts issued by authorities in both the Philippines and Indonesia, with tsunami waves expected to be higher along bays and enclosed straits.
Source:
“Peru swears in new president after Dina Boluarte’s impeachment.” Al Jazeera. 10 October 2025. https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2025/10/10/peru-swears-in-new-president-after-dina-boluartes-impeachment.
Aprilia, Zefanya. “Kunjungi Pyongyang, Sugiono Bahas Soal ini dengan Menlu Korut.” CNBC Indonesia. 11 October 2025. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20251011183531-4-674989/kunjungi-pyongyang-sugiono-bahas-soal-ini-dengan-menlu-korut.
Briceño, Franklin. “Peru’s Congress removes President Boluarte as a crime wave grips the country.” AP News. 10 October 2025. https://apnews.com/article/peru-president-boluarte-impeachment-crime-shooting-concert-d3bc438bdec704c0c2bd21ef981f95eb?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share.
Holmes, Oliver. “Militia strikes kill at least 60 in Sudan displacement camp, says El Fasher group.” The Guardian. 11 October 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/11/militia-drone-strike-kills-people-at-displacement-shelter-in-sudan-says-local-group.
Lam, Lana dan Kelly Ng. “Australia signs key defence deal with Papua New Guinea.” BBC. 6 October 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp9824r3p31o.
Lenon, Brad dan Gawon Bae. “As its ruling party turns 80, and emboldened Kim Jong Un shows off North Korea’s new hypersonic weapon, ICBM.” CNN. 11 October 2025. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/10/asia/north-korea-military-parade-new-missiles-intl-hnk-ml
Planasari, Sita. “Filipina Mulai Bersihkan Puing Bangunan Pasca-gempa Dasyat, 8 Tewas.” 11 October 2025. https://www.tempo.co/internasional/filipina-mulai-bersihkan-puing-bangunan-pasca-gempa-dahsyat-8-tewas-2078627.
Planasari, Sita. “Gempa 7,6 SR Guncang Filipina, Peringatan Tsunami hingga ke Indonesia.” Tempo. 10 October 2025. https://www.tempo.co/internasional/gempa-7-6-sr-guncang-filipina-peringatan-tsunami-hingga-ke-indonesia-2078194.
Planasari, Sita. “Presiden Prancis Macron Kembali Tunjuk Sebastian Lecornu sebagai Perdana Menteri.” Tempo. 11 October 2025. https://www.tempo.co/internasional/presiden-prancis-macron-kembali-tunjuk-sebastien-lecornu-sebagai-perdana-menteri-2078507.
Regan, Helen, Dana Karni, Abeer Salman. “Celebration and trepidation in Gaza and Israel following ceasefire plan agreement.” CNN. 9 October 2025. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/10/09/middleeast/israel-hamas-ceasefire-plan-gaza-celebration-trepidation-intl-hnk.